Teachers who bully students: a hidden trauma

Objective: The study examined teachers' perceptions of bullying by other teachers to see what causes and characteristics were attributed to such bullying teachers, and how often teachers were themselves bullied by students.Method: 116 teachers from seven elementary schools completed an anonymous questionnaire reflecting their feelings and perceptions about their own experiences of bullying, and how they perceive colleagues over the years.Results: Results confirmed that teachers who experienced bullying themselves when young are more likely to both bully students and experience bullying by students both in classrooms and outside the classroom. Factor analysis revealed two types of bullying teacher: a sadistic bully type and a bully-victim type.Conclusions: The implications for the mental health of children and for effective teaching are discussed, in the light of widespread recognition of the traumatic effects of bullying on childhood development

Perceptions of Crime Severity as a Function of Offender Race, Age, and Gender

Sixty-nine students at Fort Hays State University participated, as subjects, in a magnitude scaling experiment which investigated their perceptions of the severity of various crimes when the offender characteristics of age, race, and sex were varied

Alterações nas características de carcaça de tourinhos Nelore, avaliadas por ultra-som Changes in carcass characteristics of Nellore young bulls measured by ultrasound

Realizou-se este trabalho com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos do nível de concentrado na dieta e do tempo de confinamento sobre o peso vivo, a área de olho-de-lombo (AOLU), a espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGSU) entre a 12ª e a 13ª costelas e a espessura de gordura da picanha (EGPU), medidas por ultra-sonografia. Vinte e quatro tourinhos Nelore foram confinados por 142 dias e receberam dietas contendo 20, 40, 60 ou 80% de concentrado. As medidas de ultra-som foram obtidas nos dias 1, 26, 53, 84, 109 e 142 de confinamento. O PV foi influenciado de forma linear pelo tempo de confinamento em todos os tratamentos e de forma quadrática pelos tratamentos 40, 60 e 80%, mas não foi influenciado pelo nível de concentrado. A AOLU sofreu efeito linear do tempo de confinamento e quadrático do nível de concentrado aos 142 dias de confinamento. A EGSU esteve associada de forma linear ao tempo de confinamento e de forma quadrática ao nível de concentrado a partir do 26º dia. A EGPU foi influenciada quadraticamente pelo nível de concentrado, linearmente pelo tempo de confinamento em todos os tratamentos e quadraticamente pelos tratamentos 40, 60 e 80%. Enquanto os níveis de concentrado proporcionaram aumento quadrático das características de carcaça, o tempo de confinamento determinou aumento linear de todas as características.<br>The objective of this trial was to study the effects of four concentrate levels and days on feed on body weight (BW) and Longissimus muscle area (ULMA), backfat thickness (UFT) and rump fat (URF) measured by ultrasound. Twenty-four Nellore young bulls fed diets containing 20, 40, 60 or 80% of concentrate during 142 days were used in this experiment. Ultrasound measurements were taken at 1, 26, 53, 84, 109 and 142 days on feed. Body weight was linearly associated with days on feedlot in all treatments and quadratically with 40, 60 and 80% of dietary concentrate. However, no significant differences in BW were observed among these treatments. The ULMA increased linearly with days on feed and quadratically by the incremental amounts of dietary concentrate after animals being confined for 142 days. Similarly, UFT was linearly associated with days on feed and quadratically with concentrate level since 26 days on feed. URF was also linearly affected by days on feed in all treatments and quadratically in treatments 40, 60 and 80% of concentrate. Time spent on days on feed affected linearly and concentrate levels quadratically the carcass characteristics in the current study